Neste curso os estudantes aprenderão a interpretar de maneira compreensiva as últimas mudanças de paradigmas na sistemática de aranhas, criticar as hipóteses filogenéticas mais recentes sobre as relações de parentesco do grupo, reinterpretar caracteres morfológicos e etológicos à luz destas filogenias, reavaliar hipóteses de homologia antigas, testar novas hipóteses de homologia e estudar a evolução desses caracteres complexos.
Nos últimos anos, com a implementação de dados genômicos para inferir relações filogenéticas, começaram a se desenvolver as relações intrafamiliares e os nós mais profundos da árvore de vida das aranhas. As ferramentas moleculares permitiram estimar o tempo de divergência dos nós da árvore das aranhas equivalente a datação usando o registro fóssil, assim como a mudança na taxa de diversificação de diferentes clados. Estes avanços na sistemática filogenética das aranhas têm causado uma reviravolta inesperada sobre o conhecimento prévio deste táxon. Grupos clássicos inferidos pelo uso de carácteres morfológicos, comportamentais e, mesmo, moleculares, resultaram não monofiléticos e, portanto, falsificados. Então, o que podemos realmente interpretar a partir desses novos resultados? Graças ao enorme conhecimento acumulado durante mais de dois séculos na taxonomia das aranhas e, especialmente, nas últimas décadas aos estudos morfológicos e etológicos comparativos dentro de um quadro cladístico, a reinterpretação da nova sistemática filogenética deste grupo é possível.
1. Introdução à biologia das aranhas e às análises cladísticas. 2. Evolução dos Aracnídeos. 3. Entelegynae vs. "Haplogynae": Genitálias. 4. "Cribelados" vs. "Não-cribelados". 5. Evolução da teia. 6. Liphistiomorphae e Mygalomorphae. 7. Synspermiata. 8. “Velhos” grupos, novas resoluções. 9. Clado RTA. 10. Registro fóssil.
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Elaboração de relatório final sobre os conteúdos desenvolvidos e discutidos na disciplina.